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Afinidad Política

⚡ Issue

Energy and environment: what each party thinks

By Fadrique Garcia Font ·

Private companies competing with Pemex and CFE, fracking, taxes on polluters, renewable energy and new mining concessions.

5 questions, 40 party positions and 1 complete disagreement (how they are assigned).

Further reading on this topic: «Mexico’s parties and energy: Pemex, CFE, fracking, renewables».

What divides the parties on this issue

Energy holds both the broadest agreement in the test and one of its deepest rifts. The agreement: making polluters pay taxes in proportion to the harm they cause is, together with one of the tiebreaker questions, the only statement in the questionnaire on which all eight parties have a sourced position and all eight are on the same side. The PVEM, with its clean-air certificates, and PAZ, with a progressive scheme of environmental levies, are the keenest; the rest support the idea in less detail, from Morena's special charges on single-use plastics to the green taxes of Movimiento Ciudadano and SOMOS.

The rift runs through Pemex and the CFE. The three coalition parties voted without defections in 2024 to make them state public enterprises, and in 2025 for the laws giving the CFE preference, and they flatly reject letting private firms compete with them on equal terms. The PAN, at the other extreme, wants more private investment and a competitive market, with the PRI close behind. Here Movimiento Ciudadano parts from its usual partners: it voted against the constitutional amendment but in 2025 backed the implementing laws in the general vote, and it sits in the middle, like SOMOS, which pairs state stewardship with public-private deals in renewables.

The green axis does not match the bloc axis. On putting renewables first even if they cost more at the start, Morena and the PT go no further than an intermediate position, because their platforms place the transition alongside strengthening Pemex and producing more gas; the PVEM, by contrast, agrees, as do the opposition and both new parties. On fracking, the firmest rejection comes not from the PVEM, whose position is estimated, but from Movimiento Ciudadano, whose floor leader proposed a constitutional ban in April 2026. Morena is in the middle: its platform promised not to use it, but in 2026 the president commissioned a study on unconventional gas.

And on mining, the most restrictive party is Morena, whose platform announced there would be no new concessions; the PT goes along less forcefully, and Movimiento Ciudadano only wants them barred in protected or water-scarce areas. Fracking and mines account for most of the theme's ten estimated positions, including those of the PAN and the PRI on both questions.

Written from the documented positions of the eight parties on the questions in this issue; where part of it rests on estimated positions, that is stated. It does not include the answers of people taking the test.

What each party proposes on this issue

A summary of their positions on the questions in this issue, based on their electoral platforms, founding documents, votes in the Chamber of Deputies and public statements. The numbers refer to the questions below, each with its details and sources.

PAN

Agrees: 1, 2, 3, 4

Disagrees: 5

PRI

Agrees: 1, 3, 4

Disagrees: 5

In between: 2

PVEM

Agrees: 3, 4

Disagrees: 1, 2

In between: 5

PT

Agrees: 3, 5

Disagrees: 1

In between: 2, 4

MC

Agrees: 3, 4

Disagrees: 2

In between: 1, 5

Morena

Agrees: 3, 5

Disagrees: 1

In between: 2, 4

PAZ

Agrees: 1, 3, 4

In between: 2, 5

SOMOS

Agrees: 3, 4

Disagrees: 2

In between: 1, 5

1. Private companies should be able to compete with Pemex and the CFE (the state oil and electricity companies) on equal terms.

A 2024 constitutional reform turned Pemex and the CFE into “public companies of the State”, and the 2025 energy laws give the CFE priority in the electricity market. Private companies can take part, under different rules.

Of the 8 parties with a position on this question: 3 in favor, 2 in between and 3 against.

2. Mexico should allow fracking to produce more of its own gas.

Hydraulic fracturing (fracking) injects water, sand and chemicals under pressure to release gas trapped in rock. Mexico imports about 75% of the gas it uses, almost all of it from the United States.

Of the 8 parties with a position on this question: 1 in favor, 4 in between and 3 against.

3. Polluters should pay environmental taxes according to the damage they cause.

The idea is that each company pays according to how much it pollutes (emissions, waste, discharges into water), so that polluting less costs less. Today there is a federal carbon tax on fuels and some state environmental taxes.

Of the 8 parties with a position on this question: 8 in favor, 0 in between and 0 against.

4. Mexico should prioritize renewable energy over oil and gas, even if it costs more at first.

Most of Mexico's electricity is produced today from gas and other fossil fuels. The statement asks whether renewables such as solar and wind should come first, even if they cost more at first.

Of the 8 parties with a position on this question: 6 in favor, 2 in between and 0 against.

5. No new mining concessions should be granted.

A mining concession gives a company the right to explore and extract minerals from the subsoil, which belong to the Nation. Lithium was reserved for the State in 2022.

Of the 8 parties with a position on this question: 2 in favor, 4 in between and 2 against.

Explore other issues

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Who do you agree with on this issue?

The questions in this issue are part of the full test. On 1 of them the parties hold opposite positions, so your answer matters.

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