Mexico’s parties and rights: abortion, adoption and marijuana

On the issues in this analysis, much of what has changed in Mexico in recent years was decided not by Congress but by the Supreme Court or by state legislatures. In 2021 the Court declared the absolute ban on recreational use of marijuana unconstitutional (general declaration of unconstitutionality 1/2018); in October 2022 Tamaulipas became the last of the 32 states to approve same-sex marriage; and in September 2023 the Court’s First Chamber declared the crime of voluntary abortion in the Federal Criminal Code unconstitutional (amparo en revisión 267/2023).

That is why, on this topic, the parties are defined more by what their documents say than by how they have voted: of the 56 positions in the topic “Rights and freedoms”, 22 are estimated, almost four in ten. They carry an asterisk (*): in those cases the party has said nothing on the specific issue, and its position is inferred from nearby principles or proposals. For SOMOS and Partido PAZ, which registered in 2026 and have no seats in the Chamber, everything comes from their documents and from what their leaders have said, and it is provisional: their platforms are due in January 2027.

Abortion

The first statement asks whether abortion ought to be legal throughout Mexico in the first twelve weeks. It is one of the three statements in this topic included in the quick test.

Movimiento Ciudadano and SOMOS strongly agree. Movimiento Ciudadano’s program of action wants legal termination of pregnancy guaranteed within the health system and no person criminalized “for disposing of their body.” SOMOS is the only party that puts it in the same terms as the test: it proposes legalizing termination of pregnancy before twelve weeks at the federal level and making it uniform across the country.

Morena, the PRI and the PT agree, without mentioning time limits. Morena’s program asks for respect for what women decide “about their life and their body” and defends reproductive rights, without using the word abortion. The PRI’s declaration of principles calls for women not to be criminalized when exercising their reproductive rights. Two ideas coexist in the PT: its declaration defends the “right to life” as well as women’s self-determination, and in December 2025 one of its deputies proposed taking the crime of abortion out of the Federal Criminal Code.

The PAN strongly disagrees: in its program of action it declares itself in favor of defending life “from conception” and also “until natural death,” and therefore rejects abortion. Partido PAZ disagrees. In 2026 its legal representative acknowledged that, in places where abortion is allowed, it “is a right” to be respected, but announced that the party will go on promoting initiatives “in favor of life.” The PVEM (neutral*) does not address it in its platform.

Same-sex families and trans people

Two statements concern LGBT+ rights: whether same-sex couples ought to be able to adopt under the same requirements as others, and whether an administrative procedure should be enough for a trans person to have their name and sex changed on their documents.

Here almost everything is general language against discrimination, and only two parties frame it in the same terms as the test. SOMOS calls in its program of action for legal changes to guarantee “adoption by same-sex couples” (strongly agrees). Movimiento Ciudadano proposes in its 2024 platform that trans people be recognized across the country as having the right to legally change their name and gender (strongly agrees on that statement).

Morena proposes extending to every state the Mexico City model on marriage, civil registration and social security, and criticizes the identity procedures LGBTIQ+ people face: it agrees on both. The PRI rejects in its declaration of principles sexual diversity turning into inequality, and Movimiento Ciudadano rejects sexual orientation limiting any civil right: both agree on adoption. SOMOS also agrees on the procedure for trans people, with “special emphasis” on that population, though without saying how.

The rest of these cells are estimated. The PVEM and the PT (agree*), which include the LGBT+ community in their platforms, do not mention adoption or documents; nor does the PRI in the case of trans people (agrees*). The PAN (disagrees* on both) pledges in its platform to respect the rights of sexual diversity, but on adoption it gives priority to children’s right “to have a family,” and its program, when discussing women’s rights, rejects ideologies it believes go against “the true dignity of women.” Partido PAZ (disagrees* on both) states in its declaration that every adult has the right to marry “a person of the opposite sex.”

Marijuana

The test asks whether selling marijuana to adults should stay prohibited, so disagreeing means wanting to regulate it. Today its sale is still banned: the law that would regulate it, passed by the Senate in November 2020 and sent back with changes by the Chamber of Deputies in March 2021, was never published.

The clearest in favor of regulation are three parties that strongly disagree with the ban. The PVEM wants, according to its 2024 platform, to promote legalizing and regulating “the drug market.” Movimiento Ciudadano proposes comprehensive regulation of cannabis production and sales, adult consumption included. SOMOS proposes leaving prohibition behind and regulating drugs, with quality controls and taxes. The PRI and the PT disagree based on what their leaders told the UNAM’s Voto Informado in 2021; they have no more recent documents on this.

Morena is neutral: its platform proposes opening a debate on moving from prohibition to “regulatory frameworks,” without committing to regulate sales. The PAN agrees with keeping the ban: its program rejects the legalization of drugs, while respecting medical use of cannabis. Partido PAZ (agrees*) names drugs as one of the sources of the “chaos” that, according to its declaration of principles, the country is living through.

Euthanasia

This is the statement with the most estimated positions in the topic: six of eight. Only two parties have a documented position, on opposite sides. The PAN strongly disagrees: its program of action expressly rejects euthanasia, although its 2024 platform proposes palliative care for everyone. Movimiento Ciudadano agrees: its caucus in the Mexico City legislature proposed in 2024 legalizing it nationwide, and in 2025 Senator Luis Donaldo Colosio, of the same party, supported a citizens’ initiative with that goal.

The others do not mention it in their documents, and their positions are inferred from broader principles: the secular state and freedom of conscience for the PRI; individual freedoms for Morena and the PVEM, and those freedoms alongside the “right to life” for the PT (all four neutral*); everyone’s freedom to decide about their own body for SOMOS (agrees*); and the defense of life for Partido PAZ (disagrees*).

The internet: can the government order content taken down?

In 2025, the bill for the new Telecommunications and Broadcasting Law included an article allowing a government agency to block digital platforms. Morena’s senators removed it, and the law passed the Chamber on 1 July 2025 with the votes of Morena, the PVEM, the PT and, in general, Movimiento Ciudadano, with the PAN and the PRI voting against.

The PAN strongly disagrees with giving a government agency the power to make platforms take down harmful content: its program calls for “total” freedom of expression and rejects state filtering of content. Disagreeing are the PRI, whose platform warns against governments going too far when they regulate the internet; Movimiento Ciudadano, whose declaration of principles distances itself from censorship; and SOMOS, which in 2026 opposed letting the government decide “what can be published,” while calling for platforms to answer for speech contrary to human rights.

Morena, the PVEM and the PT are neutral. Morena removed platform blocking in 2025, but in 2026 its government drafted a decree for platforms to restrict content harmful to minors; the PVEM voted for the law, and in 2021 its leader declared being “somewhat in agreement” with regulating social media; and the PT promises “unrestricted” freedom of expression in its 2024 platform, although in 2021 its leader answered that he was somewhat in agreement with regulating content on social media. Partido PAZ (neutral*) calls both for rules for platforms and for freedom of opinion.

Bullfighting

Since the amendment published on 2 December 2024, the Constitution says: “Mistreatment of animals is prohibited.” The Chamber passed it with no votes against. But it does not ban bullfighting, and in 2025 the Mexico City legislature approved a proposal by Mexico City’s head of government, Clara Brugada, of Morena, allowing bullfights without injuring or killing the bull.

Banning them nationwide is a tie-break question (these only appear to break a tie between parties in your result). The PVEM strongly agrees: its program rejects “the death of animals for entertainment,” and its current leader in 2022 and a PVEM senator in 2025 put forward bills to ban bullfights or treat them as animal cruelty. The PT agrees: its platform recognizes the right of all beings to live free from torture. Morena is neutral, given the route Mexico City chose, and so is SOMOS, which wants to regulate shows with animals, not ban them. The other four positions are estimated: Movimiento Ciudadano (agrees*) and the PAN, the PRI and Partido PAZ (neutral*).

The positions in one table

Each party page and the “Rights and freedoms” page list the sources of the documented positions.

What the data show

This topic does not follow the line between government and opposition. On abortion, adoption and marijuana, the parties that go furthest are Movimiento Ciudadano and SOMOS; at the other end are the PAN and Partido PAZ; and Morena, the PRI and the PT sit in between, with documents that speak of rights and non-discrimination without going into detail. The PVEM parts ways with its allies on two issues: together with Movimiento Ciudadano and SOMOS, it is among the clearest in favor of regulating drugs, and it is the only party that strongly agrees with banning bullfighting.

The other takeaway is how much remains unknown: almost four in ten positions in this topic are estimated, because several parties, including those with the most deputies, have neither voted nor written on several of these questions. You can answer all seven in the test: abortion, adoption and marijuana are in the quick version; the first six, in the full one; and bullfighting, in the tie-break.